SGI 2020 | Policy Performance | Economic Policies | Research, Innovation and Infrastructure

How high is public R&D expenditure, as a percentage of GDP?

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Time series

Select Compare to SGI Values Y Axis (Max/Min):

Values among 41 countries

Indicator metadata and score calculation

Definition:	Government-financed gross expenditure on R&D, percent of GDP
Year:	2018
Unit:	Percent
Direction:	High values translate into high scores
Source 1:	Eurostat Online Database
Data for:	AUT, BEL, BGR, HRV, CYP, CZE, DNK, EST, FIN, FRA, DEU, GRC, HUN, ISL, IRL, ITA, LVA, LTU, LUX, MLT, NLD, NOR, POL, PRT, ROU, SVK, SVN, ESP, SWE, CHE, TUR, GBR
Exceptions:	BEL (2017), BGR (2017), HRV (2017), CYP (2017), DNK (2017), EST (2017), FIN (2017), FRA (2017), DEU (2017), HUN (2017), ITA (2017), LVA (2017), LTU (2017), LUX (2017), MLT (2017), NLD (2017), NOR (2017), POL (2017), ROU (2017), SVN (2017), ESP (2017), SWE (2017), CHE (2017), TUR (2017), GBR (2017)
Annotation:	Eurostat: Dataset: Intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) by sectors of performance and source of funds [rd_e_gerdfund] URL: https://appsso.eurostat.ec.… extracted May 19th, 2020
Source 2:	OECD Online Database
Data for:	AUS, CAN, CHL, ISR, JPN, KOR, MEX, NZL, USA
Exceptions:	AUS (2008), CAN (2019), CHL (2017), ISR (2017), NZL (2017)
Annotation:	OECD: Dataset: Main Science and Technology Indicators URL: https://stats.oecd.org/Index… extracted May 19th, 2020

Calculation:	Long-term data series were used to set appropriate minimum and maximum values.
Maximum:	1.205
Minimum:	0
/	Above/Below IQR boundary value. See FAQ for further information.
Distance:	Distance=(value for calculation-minimum)/(maximum-minimum)
Score:	Score=1+relative distance*9

Top group

Score

Public R&D Spending

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Upper middle group

Norway

8.3

0.98

Austria

7.9

0.93

South Korea

7.9

0.93

Switzerland

7.5

0.87

Germany

7.3

0.85

Sweden

7.3

0.84

Denmark

7.2

0.83

Finland

6.9

0.79

Australia

6.8

0.78

Iceland

6.5

0.74

France

6.3

0.71

Lower middle group

Czechia

5.9

0.66

USA

5.9

0.65

Netherlands

5.6

0.62

Luxembourg

5.1

0.55

Portugal

5.1

0.55

Belgium

5.0

0.53

Canada

4.8

0.51

Estonia

4.8

0.51

Israel

4.8

0.51

New Zealand

4.7

0.49

Greece

4.6

0.48

Japan

4.6

0.48

Spain

4.5

0.47

Italy

4.3

0.44

4.3

0.44

Slovenia

4.2

0.43

Hungary

4.1

0.42

Poland

4.0

0.40

Croatia

3.8

0.37

Lithuania

3.5

0.33

Slovakia

3.4

0.32

Turkey

3.4

0.32

Ireland

3.0

0.27

Bottom group

Mexico

2.8

0.24

Latvia

2.6

0.22

Cyprus

2.6

0.21

Bulgaria

2.3

0.18

Malta

2.3

0.18

Romania

2.3

0.18

Chile

2.3

0.17

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How high is public R&D expenditure, as a percentage of GDP?