SGI 2022 | Sustainable Policies | Economic Policies | Research, Innovation and Infrastructure

How high is private R&D expenditure, as a percentage of GDP?

€EUOECD

Time series

Select Compare to SGI Values Y Axis (Max/Min):

Values among 41 countries

Indicator metadata and score calculation

Definition:	Private sector financed gross domestic expenditure on R&D, percent of GDP
Year:	2020
Unit:	Percent
Direction:	High values translate into high scores
Source 1:	Eurostat Online Database
Data for:	AUT, BEL, BGR, HRV, CYP, CZE, DNK, EST, FIN, FRA, DEU, GRC, HUN, ISL, IRL, ITA, LVA, LTU, LUX, MLT, NLD, NOR, POL, PRT, ROU, SVK, SVN, ESP, SWE, CHE, TUR
Exceptions:	BEL (2019), BGR (2019), CYP (2019), DNK (2019), EST (2019), FIN (2019), FRA (2019), DEU (2019), HUN (2019), IRL (2019), ITA (2019), LVA (2019), LTU (2019), LUX (2019), MLT (2019), NLD (2019), NOR (2019), POL (2019), ROU (2019), SVN (2019), ESP (2019), SWE (2019), CHE (2019)
Annotation:	Eurostat: Dataset: Intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) by sectors of performance and source of funds [rd_e_gerdfund] URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurost… extracted June 11th, 2022
Source 2:	OECD Online Database
Data for:	AUS, CAN, CHL, ISR, JPN, KOR, MEX, NZL, GBR, USA
Exceptions:	AUS (2008), CHL (2019), ISR (2019), NZL (2019), GBR (2019)
Annotation:	OECD: Dataset: Main Science and Technology Indicators URL: https://stats.oecd.org/Index… extracted June 11th, 2022

Calculation:	Long-term data series were used to set appropriate minimum and maximum values.
Maximum:	3.25
Minimum:	0
/	Above/Below IQR boundary value. See FAQ for further information.
Distance:	Distance=(value for calculation-minimum)/(maximum-minimum)
Score:	Score=1+relative distance*9
Annotat.:	Indicator calculated by Margit Kraus (Calculus Consult)

Additional annotations and exceptions

Indicator calculated by Margit Kraus (Calculus Consult)

Top group

Score

Private R&D Spending

Israel

10.0

4.65

South Korea

10.0

3.74

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Upper middle group

Japan

8.7

2.78

USA

8.6

2.76

Belgium

8.2

2.60

Sweden

8.1

2.57

Germany

7.3

2.29

Switzerland

7.3

2.29

Austria

6.9

2.14

Denmark

6.8

2.09

Finland

6.6

2.02

Lower middle group

Iceland

5.8

1.72

Slovenia

5.3

1.54

Netherlands

5.3

1.54

France

5.2

1.50

Australia

5.1

1.47

Czechia

4.6

1.31

4.4

1.24

Norway

4.2

1.15

Canada

4.2

1.14

Estonia

3.8

1.02

Portugal

3.8

1.02

Hungary

3.7

0.99

Italy

3.7

0.99

New Zealand

3.7

0.97

Ireland

3.6

0.95

Greece

3.4

0.86

Poland

3.2

0.81

Croatia

3.2

0.79

Spain

3.2

0.78

Turkey

3.2

0.78

Bottom group

Lithuania

2.9

0.67

Luxembourg

2.9

0.67

Bulgaria

2.7

0.63

Slovakia

2.5

0.55

Cyprus

2.3

0.46

Latvia

2.1

0.41

Malta

2.1

0.39

Romania

1.9

0.32

Chile

1.5

0.19

Mexico

1.2

0.07