How high is public R&D expenditure, as a percentage of GDP?
Top group
Score
Public R&D Spending
10
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9
South Korea
9.1
Upper middle group
8
Austria
8.9
Norway
8.5
7
Germany
7.6
Switzerland
7.4
Switzerland
7.4
Denmark
7.3
Sweden
7.1
Sweden
7.1
6
Australia
6.8
Finland
6.8
France
6.2
USA
6.2
USA
6.2
Czechia
6.1
Lower middle group
5
Greece
5.8
Netherlands
5.8
Estonia
5.6
Portugal
5.5
Portugal
5.5
Belgium
5.2
Canada
5.2
4
Poland
4.8
Slovenia
4.8
Slovenia
4.8
Japan
4.7
Hungary
4.7
Israel
4.7
Italy
4.5
Spain
4.5
Spain
4.5
UK
4.4
UK
4.4
New Zealand
4.3
3
Slovakia
3.7
Slovakia
3.7
Lithuania
3.4
Turkey
3.3
Ireland
3.1
Bottom group
2
Latvia
2.7
Romania
2.2
1
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